arm64: vdso: Fix CFI directives in sigreturn trampoline

Daniel reports that the .cfi_startproc is misplaced for the sigreturn
trampoline, which causes LLVM's unwinder to misbehave:

  | I run into this with LLVM’s unwinder.
  | This combination was always broken.

This prompted Dave to question our use of CFI directives more generally,
and I ended up going down a rabbit hole trying to figure out how this
very poorly documented stuff gets used.

Move the CFI directives so that the "mysterious NOP" is included in
the .cfi_{start,end}proc block and add a bunch of comments so that I
can save myself another headache in future.

Cc: Tamas Zsoldos <tamas.zsoldos@arm.com>
Reported-by: Dave Martin <dave.martin@arm.com>
Reported-by: Daniel Kiss <daniel.kiss@arm.com>
Tested-by: Daniel Kiss <daniel.kiss@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>

Author: willdeacon

arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/sigreturn.S

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
 /*
  * Sigreturn trampoline for returning from a signal when the SA_RESTORER
- * flag is not set.
+ * flag is not set. It serves primarily as a hall of shame for crappy
+ * unwinders and features an exciting but mysterious NOP instruction.
+ *
+ * It's also fragile as hell, so please think twice before changing anything
+ * in here.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Limited
  *
@@ -14,7 +18,38 @@
 
 	.text
 
-	nop
+/* Ensure that the mysterious NOP can be associated with a function. */
+	.cfi_startproc
+
+/*
+ * .cfi_signal_frame causes the corresponding Frame Description Entry in the
+ * .eh_frame section to be annotated as a signal frame. This allows DWARF
+ * unwinders (e.g. libstdc++) to implement _Unwind_GetIPInfo(), which permits
+ * unwinding out of the signal trampoline without the need for the mysterious
+ * NOP.
+ */
+	.cfi_signal_frame
+
+/*
+ * Tell the unwinder where to locate the frame record linking back to the
+ * interrupted context. We don't provide unwind info for registers other
+ * than the frame pointer and the link register here; in practice, this
+ * is sufficient for unwinding in C/C++ based runtimes and the values in
+ * the sigcontext may have been modified by this point anyway. Debuggers
+ * already have baked-in strategies for attempting to unwind out of signals.
+ */
+	.cfi_def_cfa    x29, 0
+	.cfi_offset     x29, 0 * 8
+	.cfi_offset     x30, 1 * 8
+
+/*
+ * This mysterious NOP is required for some unwinders (e.g. libc++) that
+ * unconditionally subtract one from the result of _Unwind_GetIP() in order to
+ * identify the calling function.
+ * Hack borrowed from arch/powerpc/kernel/vdso64/sigtramp.S.
+ */
+	nop	// Mysterious NOP
+
 /*
  * GDB relies on being able to identify the sigreturn instruction sequence to
  * unwind from signal handlers. We cannot, therefore, use SYM_FUNC_START()
@@ -23,11 +58,6 @@
  * is perfectly fine.
  */
 SYM_CODE_START(__kernel_rt_sigreturn)
-	.cfi_startproc
-	.cfi_signal_frame
-	.cfi_def_cfa	x29, 0
-	.cfi_offset	x29, 0 * 8
-	.cfi_offset	x30, 1 * 8
 	mov	x8, #__NR_rt_sigreturn
 	svc	#0
 	.cfi_endproc

arch/arm64/kernel/vdso32/sigreturn.S

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
  * This file provides both A32 and T32 versions, in accordance with the
  * arm sigreturn code.
  *
+ * Please read the comments in arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/sigreturn.S to
+ * understand some of the craziness in here.
+ *
  * Copyright (C) 2018 ARM Limited
  */