title	author	description	monikerRange	ms.author	ms.custom	ms.date	uid
ASP.NET Core Blazor input components	guardrex	Learn about built-in Blazor input components.	>= aspnetcore-3.1	riande	mvc	11/08/2022	blazor/forms/input-components

ASP.NET Core Blazor input components

[!INCLUDE]

The Blazor framework provides built-in input components to receive and validate user input. The built-in input components in the following table are supported in an xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.EditForm with an xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.EditContext.

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-7.0"

The components in the table are also supported outside of a form in Razor component markup. Inputs are validated when they're changed and when a form is submitted.

:::moniker-end

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-5.0"

Input component	Rendered as…
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputCheckbox	`<input type="checkbox">`
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputDate%601	`<input type="date">`
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputFile	`<input type="file">`
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputNumber%601	`<input type="number">`
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputRadio%601	`<input type="radio">`
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputRadioGroup%601	Group of child xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputRadio%601
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputSelect%601	`<select>`
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputText	`<input>`
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputTextArea	`<textarea>`

For more information on the xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputFile component, see xref:blazor/file-uploads.

:::moniker-end

:::moniker range="< aspnetcore-5.0"

Input component	Rendered as…
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputCheckbox	`<input type="checkbox">`
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputDate%601	`<input type="date">`
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputNumber%601	`<input type="number">`
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputSelect%601	`<select>`
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputText	`<input>`
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputTextArea	`<textarea>`

Note

xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputRadio%601 and xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputRadioGroup%601 components are available in ASP.NET Core 5.0 or later. For more information, select a 5.0 or later version of this article.

:::moniker-end

All of the input components, including xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.EditForm, support arbitrary attributes. Any attribute that doesn't match a component parameter is added to the rendered HTML element.

Input components provide default behavior for validating when a field is changed:

For input components in a form with an xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.EditContext, the default validation behavior includes updating the field CSS class to reflect the field's state as valid or invalid with validation styling of the underlying HTML element.
For controls that don't have an xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.EditContext, the default validation reflects the valid or invalid state but does not provide validation styling to the underlying HTML element.

Some components include useful parsing logic. For example, xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputDate%601 and xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputNumber%601 handle unparseable values gracefully by registering unparseable values as validation errors. Types that can accept null values also support nullability of the target field (for example, int? for a nullable integer).

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-5.0"

For more information on the xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputFile component, see xref:blazor/file-uploads.

:::moniker-end

Example form

The following Starship type, which is used in several of this article's examples and examples in other Forms node articles, defines a diverse set of properties with data annotations:

Id is required because it's annotated with the xref:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.RequiredAttribute. Id requires a value of at least one character but no more than 16 characters using the xref:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.StringLengthAttribute.
Description is optional because it isn't annotated with the xref:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.RequiredAttribute.
Classification is required.
The MaximumAccommodation property defaults to zero but requires a value from one to 100,000 per its xref:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.RangeAttribute.
IsValidatedDesign requires that the property have a true value, which matches a selected state when the property is bound to a checkbox in the UI (<input type="checkbox">).
ProductionDate is a xref:System.DateTime and required.

Starship.cs:

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

public class Starship
{
    [Required]
    [StringLength(16, ErrorMessage = "Id too long (16 character limit).")]
    public string? Id { get; set; }

    public string? Description { get; set; }

    [Required]
    public string? Classification { get; set; }

    [Range(1, 100000, ErrorMessage = "Accommodation invalid (1-100000).")]
    public int MaximumAccommodation { get; set; }

    [Required]
    [Range(typeof(bool), "true", "true", 
        ErrorMessage = "This form disallows unapproved ships.")]
    public bool IsValidatedDesign { get; set; }

    [Required]
    public DateTime ProductionDate { get; set; }
}

The following form accepts and validates user input using:

The properties and validation defined in the preceding Starship model.
Several of Blazor's built-in input components.

Starship3.razor:

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-8.0"

@page "/starship-3"
@rendermode RenderMode.InteractiveServer
@inject ILogger<Starship3> Logger

<h1>Starfleet Starship Database</h1>

<h2>New Ship Entry Form</h2>

<EditForm method="post" Model="@Model" OnValidSubmit="@Submit" FormName="Starship3">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />
    <ValidationSummary />
    <div>
        <label>
            Id:
            <InputText @bind-Value="Model!.Id" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label>
            Description (optional):
            <InputTextArea @bind-Value="Model!.Description" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label>
            Primary Classification:
            <InputSelect @bind-Value="Model!.Classification">
                <option value="">Select classification ...</option>
                <option value="Exploration">Exploration</option>
                <option value="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</option>
                <option value="Defense">Defense</option>
            </InputSelect>
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label>
            Maximum Accommodation:
            <InputNumber @bind-Value="Model!.MaximumAccommodation" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label>
            Engineering Approval:
            <InputCheckbox @bind-Value="Model!.IsValidatedDesign" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label>
            Production Date:
            <InputDate @bind-Value="Model!.ProductionDate" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

@code {
    [SupplyParameterFromForm]
    private Starship? Model { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized() =>
        Model ??= new() { ProductionDate = DateTime.UtcNow };

    private void Submit()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Id = {Id} Description = {Description} " +
            "Classification = {Classification} MaximumAccommodation = " +
            "{MaximumAccommodation} IsValidatedDesign = " +
            "{IsValidatedDesign} ProductionDate = {ProductionDate}", 
            Model?.Id, Model?.Description, Model?.Classification, 
            Model?.MaximumAccommodation, Model?.IsValidatedDesign, 
            Model?.ProductionDate);
    }
}

:::moniker-end

:::moniker range="< aspnetcore-8.0"

@page "/starship-3"
@inject ILogger<Starship3> Logger

<h1>Starfleet Starship Database</h1>

<h2>New Ship Entry Form</h2>

<EditForm Model="@Model" OnValidSubmit="@Submit">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />
    <ValidationSummary />
    <div>
        <label>
            Id:
            <InputText @bind-Value="Model!.Id" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label>
            Description (optional):
            <InputTextArea @bind-Value="Model!.Description" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label>
            Primary Classification:
            <InputSelect @bind-Value="Model!.Classification">
                <option value="">Select classification ...</option>
                <option value="Exploration">Exploration</option>
                <option value="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</option>
                <option value="Defense">Defense</option>
            </InputSelect>
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label>
            Maximum Accommodation:
            <InputNumber @bind-Value="Model!.MaximumAccommodation" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label>
            Engineering Approval:
            <InputCheckbox @bind-Value="Model!.IsValidatedDesign" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label>
            Production Date:
            <InputDate @bind-Value="Model!.ProductionDate" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

@code {
    private Starship? Model { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized() =>
        Model ??= new() { ProductionDate = DateTime.UtcNow };

    private void Submit()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Id = {Id} Description = {Description} " +
            "Classification = {Classification} MaximumAccommodation = " +
            "{MaximumAccommodation} IsValidatedDesign = " +
            "{IsValidatedDesign} ProductionDate = {ProductionDate}", 
            Model?.Id, Model?.Description, Model?.Classification, 
            Model?.MaximumAccommodation, Model?.IsValidatedDesign, 
            Model?.ProductionDate);
    }
}

:::moniker-end

The xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.EditForm in the preceding example creates an xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.EditContext based on the assigned Starship instance (Model="...") and handles a valid form. The next example demonstrates how to assign an xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.EditContext to a form and validate when the form is submitted.

In the following example:

A shortened version of the earlier Starfleet Starship Database form (Starship3 component) is used that only accepts a value for the starship's Id. The other Starship properties receive valid default values when an instance of the Starship type is created.
The Submit method executes when the Submit button is selected.
The form is validated by calling xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.EditContext.Validate%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType in the Submit method.
Logging is executed depending on the validation result.

Note

Submit in the next example is demonstrated as an asynchronous method because storing form values often uses asynchronous calls (await ...). If the form is used in a test app as shown, Submit merely runs synchronously. For testing purposes, ignore the following build warning:

This async method lacks 'await' operators and will run synchronously. ...

Starship4.razor:

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-8.0"

@page "/starship-4"
@rendermode RenderMode.InteractiveServer
@inject ILogger<Starship4> Logger

<EditForm method="post" EditContext="@editContext" OnSubmit="@Submit" 
    FormName="Starship4">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />
    <div>
        <label>
            Id:
            <InputText @bind-Value="Model!.Id" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

@code {
    private EditContext? editContext;

    [SupplyParameterFromForm]
    private Starship? Model { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Model ??= 
            new()
            {
                Id = "NCC-1701",
                Classification = "Exploration",
                MaximumAccommodation = 150,
                IsValidatedDesign = true,
                ProductionDate = new DateTime(2245, 4, 11)
            };
        editContext = new(Model);
    }

    private async Task Submit()
    {
        if (editContext != null && editContext.Validate())
        {
            Logger.LogInformation("Submit called: Form is valid");

            // await ...

            await Task.CompletedTask;
        }
        else
        {
            Logger.LogInformation("Submit called: Form is INVALID");
        }
    }
}

:::moniker-end

:::moniker range="< aspnetcore-8.0"

@page "/starship-4"
@inject ILogger<Starship4> Logger

<EditForm EditContext="@editContext" OnSubmit="@Submit">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />
    <div>
        <label>
            Id:
            <InputText @bind-Value="Model!.Id" />
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

@code {
    private EditContext? editContext;

    private Starship Model { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Model ??= 
            new()
            {
                Id = "NCC-1701",
                Classification = "Exploration",
                MaximumAccommodation = 150,
                IsValidatedDesign = true,
                ProductionDate = new DateTime(2245, 4, 11)
            };
        editContext = new(Model);
    }

    private async Task Submit()
    {
        if (editContext != null && editContext.Validate())
        {
            Logger.LogInformation("Submit called: Form is valid");

            // await ...

            await Task.CompletedTask;
        }
        else
        {
            Logger.LogInformation("Submit called: Form is INVALID");
        }
    }
}

:::moniker-end

Note

Changing the xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.EditContext after it's assigned is not supported.

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-6.0"

Multiple option selection with the `InputSelect` component

Binding supports multiple option selection with the xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputSelect%601 component. The @onchange event provides an array of the selected options via event arguments (ChangeEventArgs). The value must be bound to an array type, and binding to an array type makes the multiple attribute optional on the xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputSelect%601 tag.

In the following example, the user must select at least two starship classifications but no more than three classifications.

Starship5.razor:

:::moniker-end

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-8.0"

@page "/starship-5"
@rendermode RenderMode.InteractiveServer
@inject ILogger<Starship5> Logger

<h1>Bind Multiple <code>InputSelect</code> Example</h1>

<EditForm method="post" EditContext="@editContext" OnValidSubmit="@Submit" 
    FormName="Starship5">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />
    <ValidationSummary />
    <div>
        <label>
            Select classifications (Minimum: 2, Maximum: 3):
            <InputSelect @bind-Value="Model!.SelectedClassification">
                <option value="@Classification.Exploration">Exploration</option>
                <option value="@Classification.Diplomacy">Diplomacy</option>
                <option value="@Classification.Defense">Defense</option>
                <option value="@Classification.Research">Research</option>
            </InputSelect>
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

@if (Model?.SelectedClassification?.Length > 0)
{
    <div>@string.Join(", ", Model.SelectedClassification)</div>
}

@code {
    private EditContext? editContext;

    [SupplyParameterFromForm]
    private Starship? Model { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Model = new();
        editContext = new(Model);
    }

    private void Submit()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Submit called: Processing the form");
    }

    private class Starship
    {
        [Required]
        [MinLength(2, ErrorMessage = "Select at least two classifications.")]
        [MaxLength(3, ErrorMessage = "Select no more than three classifications.")]
        public Classification[]? SelectedClassification { get; set; } =
            new[] { Classification.None };
    }

    private enum Classification { None, Exploration, Diplomacy, Defense, Research }
}

:::moniker-end

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-6.0 < aspnetcore-8.0"

@page "/starship-5"
@inject ILogger<Starship5> Logger

<h1>Bind Multiple <code>InputSelect</code> Example</h1>

<EditForm EditContext="@editContext" OnValidSubmit="@Submit">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />
    <ValidationSummary />
    <div>
        <label>
            Select classifications (Minimum: 2, Maximum: 3):
            <InputSelect @bind-Value="Model!.SelectedClassification">
                <option value="@Classification.Exploration">Exploration</option>
                <option value="@Classification.Diplomacy">Diplomacy</option>
                <option value="@Classification.Defense">Defense</option>
                <option value="@Classification.Research">Research</option>
            </InputSelect>
        </label>
    </div>
    <div>
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

@if (Model?.SelectedClassification?.Length > 0)
{
    <div>@string.Join(", ", Model.SelectedClassification)</div>
}

@code {
    private EditContext? editContext;

    private Starship? Model { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Model ??= new();
        editContext = new(Model);
    }

    private void Submit()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Submit called: Processing the form");
    }

    private class Starship
    {
        [Required]
        [MinLength(2, ErrorMessage = "Select at least two classifications.")]
        [MaxLength(3, ErrorMessage = "Select no more than three classifications.")]
        public Classification[]? SelectedClassification { get; set; } =
            new[] { Classification.None };
    }

    private enum Classification { None, Exploration, Diplomacy, Defense, Research }
}

:::moniker-end

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-6.0"

For information on how empty strings and null values are handled in data binding, see the Binding InputSelect options to C# object null values section.

:::moniker-end

Binding `InputSelect` options to C# object `null` values

For information on how empty strings and null values are handled in data binding, see xref:blazor/components/data-binding#binding-select-element-options-to-c-object-null-values.

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-5.0"

Display name support

Several built-in components support display names with the xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputBase%601.DisplayName%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType parameter.

In the Starfleet Starship Database form (Starship3 component) of the Example form section, the production date of a new starship doesn't specify a display name:

<label>
    Production Date:
    <InputDate @bind-Value="Model!.ProductionDate" />
</label>

If the field contains an invalid date when the form is submitted, the error message doesn't display a friendly name. The field name, "ProductionDate" doesn't have a space between "Production" and "Date" when it appears in the validation summary:

The ProductionDate field must be a date.

Set the xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputBase%601.DisplayName%2A property to a friendly name with a space between the words "Production" and "Date":

<label>
    Production Date:
    <InputDate @bind-Value="Model!.ProductionDate" 
        DisplayName="Production Date" />
</label>

The validation summary displays the friendly name when the field's value is invalid:

The Production Date field must be a date.

:::moniker-end

Error message template support

xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputDate%601 and xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputNumber%601 support error message templates:

xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputDate%601.ParsingErrorMessage%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType
xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputNumber%601.ParsingErrorMessage%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-5.0"

In the Starfleet Starship Database form (Starship3 component) of the Example form section with a friendly display name assigned, the Production Date field produces an error message using the following default error message template:

The {0} field must be a date.

The position of the {0} placeholder is where the value of the xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputBase%601.DisplayName%2A property appears when the error is displayed to the user.

<label>
    Production Date:
    <InputDate @bind-Value="Model!.ProductionDate" 
        DisplayName="Production Date" />
</label>

The Production Date field must be a date.

Assign a custom template to xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputDate%601.ParsingErrorMessage%2A to provide a custom message:

<label>
    Production Date:
    <InputDate @bind-Value="Model!.ProductionDate" 
        DisplayName="Production Date" 
        ParsingErrorMessage="The {0} field has an incorrect date value." />
</label>

The Production Date field has an incorrect date value.

:::moniker-end

:::moniker range="< aspnetcore-5.0"

In the Starfleet Starship Database form (Starship3 component) of the Example form section uses a default error message template:

The {0} field must be a date.

The position of the {0} placeholder is where the value of the xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputBase%601.DisplayName%2A property appears when the error is displayed to the user.

<label>
    Production Date:
    <InputDate @bind-Value="Model!.ProductionDate" />
</label>

The ProductionDate field must be a date.

Assign a custom template to xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.InputDate%601.ParsingErrorMessage%2A to provide a custom message:

<label>
    Production Date:
    <InputDate @bind-Value="Model!.ProductionDate" 
        ParsingErrorMessage="The {0} field has an incorrect date value." />
</label>

The ProductionDate field has an incorrect date value.

:::moniker-end

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input-components.md

input-components.md

ASP.NET Core Blazor input components

Example form

Multiple option selection with the `InputSelect` component

Binding `InputSelect` options to C# object `null` values

Display name support

Error message template support

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input-components.md

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ASP.NET Core Blazor input components

Example form

Multiple option selection with the InputSelect component

Binding InputSelect options to C# object null values

Display name support

Error message template support

Multiple option selection with the `InputSelect` component

Binding `InputSelect` options to C# object `null` values