pythonGH-92584: Remove distutils from the newtypes tutorial includes (pythonGH-108024)

(cherry picked from commit e97b7be)

Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: AA-Turner

Doc/extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ extension module :mod:`!custom`:
    allows defining heap-allocated extension types using the
    :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` function, which isn't covered in this tutorial.
 
-.. literalinclude:: ../includes/custom.c
+.. literalinclude:: ../includes/newtypes/custom.c
 
 Now that's quite a bit to take in at once, but hopefully bits will seem familiar
 from the previous chapter.  This file defines three things:
@@ -196,36 +196,32 @@ This adds the type to the module dictionary.  This allows us to create
    >>> mycustom = custom.Custom()
 
 That's it!  All that remains is to build it; put the above code in a file called
-:file:`custom.c` and:
+:file:`custom.c`,
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../includes/newtypes/pyproject.toml
+
+in a file called :file:`pyproject.toml`, and
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   from distutils.core import setup, Extension
-   setup(name="custom", version="1.0",
-         ext_modules=[Extension("custom", ["custom.c"])])
+   from setuptools import Extension, setup
+   setup(ext_modules=[Extension("custom", ["custom.c"])])
 
 in a file called :file:`setup.py`; then typing
 
 .. code-block:: shell-session
 
-   $ python setup.py build
+   $ python -m pip install .
 
-at a shell should produce a file :file:`custom.so` in a subdirectory; move to
-that directory and fire up Python --- you should be able to ``import custom`` and
-play around with Custom objects.
+in a shell should produce a file :file:`custom.so` in a subdirectory
+and install it; now fire up Python --- you should be able to ``import custom``
+and play around with ``Custom`` objects.
 
 That wasn't so hard, was it?
 
 Of course, the current Custom type is pretty uninteresting. It has no data and
 doesn't do anything. It can't even be subclassed.
 
-.. note::
-   While this documentation showcases the standard :mod:`!distutils` module
-   for building C extensions, it is recommended in real-world use cases to
-   use the newer and better-maintained ``setuptools`` library.  Documentation
-   on how to do this is out of scope for this document and can be found in
-   the `Python Packaging User's Guide <https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/distributing-packages/>`_.
-
 
 Adding data and methods to the Basic example
 ============================================
@@ -234,7 +230,7 @@ Let's extend the basic example to add some data and methods.  Let's also make
 the type usable as a base class. We'll create a new module, :mod:`!custom2` that
 adds these capabilities:
 
-.. literalinclude:: ../includes/custom2.c
+.. literalinclude:: ../includes/newtypes/custom2.c
 
 
 This version of the module has a number of changes.
@@ -516,17 +512,21 @@ We rename :c:func:`!PyInit_custom` to :c:func:`!PyInit_custom2`, update the
 module name in the :c:type:`PyModuleDef` struct, and update the full class
 name in the :c:type:`PyTypeObject` struct.
 
-Finally, we update our :file:`setup.py` file to build the new module:
+Finally, we update our :file:`setup.py` file to include the new module,
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   from distutils.core import setup, Extension
-   setup(name="custom", version="1.0",
-         ext_modules=[
-            Extension("custom", ["custom.c"]),
-            Extension("custom2", ["custom2.c"]),
-            ])
+   from setuptools import Extension, setup
+   setup(ext_modules=[
+       Extension("custom", ["custom.c"]),
+       Extension("custom2", ["custom2.c"]),
+   ])
+
+and then we re-install so that we can ``import custom2``:
+
+.. code-block:: shell-session
 
+   $ python -m pip install .
 
 Providing finer control over data attributes
 ============================================
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ version of our module, the instance variables :attr:`!first` and :attr:`!last`
 could be set to non-string values or even deleted. We want to make sure that
 these attributes always contain strings.
 
-.. literalinclude:: ../includes/custom3.c
+.. literalinclude:: ../includes/newtypes/custom3.c
 
 
 To provide greater control, over the :attr:`!first` and :attr:`!last` attributes,
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ To allow a :class:`!Custom` instance participating in a reference cycle to
 be properly detected and collected by the cyclic GC, our :class:`!Custom` type
 needs to fill two additional slots and to enable a flag that enables these slots:
 
-.. literalinclude:: ../includes/custom4.c
+.. literalinclude:: ../includes/newtypes/custom4.c
 
 
 First, the traversal method lets the cyclic GC know about subobjects that could
@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ increases an internal counter:
    >>> print(s.increment())
    2
 
-.. literalinclude:: ../includes/sublist.c
+.. literalinclude:: ../includes/newtypes/sublist.c
 
 
 As you can see, the source code closely resembles the :class:`!Custom` examples in

Doc/includes/custom.c Doc/includes/newtypes/custom.c

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+[project]
+name = "custom"
+version = "1"

Doc/includes/custom2.c Doc/includes/newtypes/custom2.c

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from setuptools import Extension, setup
+setup(ext_modules=[
+    Extension("custom", ["custom.c"]),
+    Extension("custom2", ["custom2.c"]),
+    Extension("custom3", ["custom3.c"]),
+    Extension("custom4", ["custom4.c"]),
+    Extension("sublist", ["sublist.c"]),
+])

Doc/includes/custom3.c Doc/includes/newtypes/custom3.c

@@ -187,13 +187,6 @@
 >>> gc.enable()
 """
 
-import os
-import sys
-from distutils.util import get_platform
-PLAT_SPEC = "%s-%d.%d" % (get_platform(), *sys.version_info[:2])
-src = os.path.join("build", "lib.%s" % PLAT_SPEC)
-sys.path.append(src)
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest, __main__
     doctest.testmod(__main__)