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Update sui-glossary.md
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huitseeker committed Mar 18, 2022
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Expand Up @@ -7,10 +7,7 @@ Find terms used in Sui defined below. Where possible, we link to a canonical def

### Accumulator

An [accumulator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accumulator_(cryptography)) makes sure the transaction is received by a quorum of authorities,
collects a quorum of votes, submits the certificate to the authorities, and replies to the client. The accumulator enables transactions to be
certified. Sui offers a Gateway service that can assume the role of accumulator and collect votes on transactions from authorities in Sui,
saving end users bandwidth.
An *accumulator* makes sure the transaction is received by a quorum of authorities, collects a quorum of votes, submits the certificate to the authorities, and replies to the client. The accumulator enables transactions to be certified. Sui offers a Gateway service that can assume the role of accumulator and collect votes on transactions from authorities in Sui, saving end-users bandwidth.


### Authority
Expand All @@ -26,25 +23,25 @@ For more information, see [Authorities vs validators/miners](how-sui-works.md#au

[Causal order](https://www.scattered-thoughts.net/writing/causal-ordering/) is a representation of the relationship between transactions
and the objects they produce, laid out as dependencies. Authorities cannot execute a transaction dependent on objects created by a prior
transaction that has not finished. Rather than total order, Sui uses causal order.
transaction that has not finished. Rather than total order, Sui uses causal order (a partial order).

For more information, see [Causal order vs total order](how-sui-works.md#causal-order-vs-total-order).


### Certificate

A certificate is the mechanism proving a transaction has been approved, or certified. Authorities vote on transactions, and the sender collects
A certificate is the mechanism proving a transaction has been approved, or certified. Authorities vote on transactions, and an aggregator collects
a Byzantine-resistant-majority of these votes into a certificate and broadcasts it to all Sui authorities, thereby ensuring finality.


### Equivocation

Equivocation in blockchains is the malicious action of dishonest actors giving conflicting information, such as inconsistent or duplicate voting.
Equivocation in blockchains is the malicious action of dishonest actors giving conflicting information for the same message, such as inconsistent or duplicate voting.


### Epoch

Operation of the Sui network is temporally partitioned into non-overlapping, fixed-duration (e.g. 24-hour) *epochs*. During a particular epoch, the set of authorities participating in the network is fixed.
Operation of the Sui network is temporally partitioned into non-overlapping, fixed-duration *epochs*. During a particular epoch, the set of authorities participating in the network is fixed.

For more information, see [Epochs](../build/authorities.md#epochs).

Expand All @@ -55,11 +52,11 @@ For more information, see [Epochs](../build/authorities.md#epochs).
certifies the transaction, all of the other honest authorities will too eventually.


### Family history
### Causal history

Family history is the relationship between an object in Sui and its direct predecessors and successors. This history is essential to the causal
order Sui uses to process transactions. In contrast, other blockchains attempt to read the entire state of their world for each transaction,
introducing great latency.
Causal history is the relationship between an object in Sui and its direct predecessors and successors. This history is essential to the causal
order Sui uses to process transactions. In contrast, other blockchains read the entire state of their world for each transaction,
introducing latency.


### Finality
Expand All @@ -75,45 +72,41 @@ As with other blockchains, [gas](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gas-ethere

### Genesis

Genesis is the initial act of creating accounts and gas objects. Sui provides a `genesis` command that
Genesis is the initial act of creating accounts and gas objects. Sui provides a `genesis` command that allows users to create and inspect the genesis object setting up the network for operation.

For more information, see [Genesis](../build/wallet.md#genesis).


### Gateway service

Sui provides a Gateway service that enables third parties, say app/game developers, to route transactions on behalf of users. Because Sui never requires
exchange of private keys, third parties may offload bandwidth use from mobile device to server - for a fee.
exchange of private keys, users can offload the bandwidth use of transaction submission (e.g. when operating from a mobile device) to an untrusted server.


### Multi-writer objects

Multi-writer objects are those owned by more than one account. Transactions affecting multi-writer objects require consensus in Sui. This contrasts with
those affecting only single-writer objects, which require only a confirmation of the owner’s account.
those affecting only single-writer objects, which require only a confirmation of the owner’s account contents.


### Proof-of-stake

[Proof-of-stake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_stake) is a blockchain consensus mechanism where the voting weights of authorities or validators is
proportional to their stake in the network. This mitigates attacks by forcing bad actors to gain a large stake in the blockchain first.
[Proof-of-stake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_stake) is a blockchain consensus mechanism where the voting weights of authorities or validators is proportional to a bonded amount of the network's native currency (called their stake in the network). This mitigates [Sybil attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sybil_attack) by forcing bad actors to gain a large stake in the blockchain first.


### Smart contract

A [smart contract](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_contract) is an agreement based upon the protocol for conducting transactions in a blockchain. In Sui,
smart contracts are written in the [Move](https://github.com/MystenLabs/awesome-move) programming language.
A [smart contract](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_contract) is an agreement based upon the protocol for conducting transactions in a blockchain. In Sui, smart contracts are written in the [Move](https://github.com/MystenLabs/awesome-move) programming language.


### Single-writer objects

Single-writer objects are owned by one account. In Sui, transactions affecting only single-writer objects owned by the same account may proceed with only a
check of the sender’s account, greatly speeding transaction times.
Single-writer objects are owned by one account. In Sui, transactions affecting only single-writer objects owned by the same account may proceed with only a check of the sender’s account, greatly speeding transaction times.


### Total order

Total order is the view of the entire state of a blockchain at any given time. This is used by many blockchain systems to certify transactions. In contrast,
Sui uses causal order.
[Total order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_order) refers to the ordered presentation of the history of all transactions processed by a traditional blockchain up to a given time. This is maintained by many blockchain systems, as the only way to process transactions. In contrast, Sui uses a causal (partial) order wherever possible and safe.

For more information, see [Causal order vs total order](how-sui-works.md#causal-order-vs-total-order).

Expand All @@ -125,3 +118,4 @@ A transfer is switching the owner address of a token to a new one via command in
available in the wallet.

For more information, see [Transferring objects](../build/wallet.md#transferring-objects).

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