Remove pulse from GenericBackendV2

[eliarbel]

This commit removes pulse-related functionality from GenericBackendV2, as part of Pulse removal in Qiskit 2.0. This includes the ability to initialize the backend with custom calibrations and query it for channel information. Also, various clean ups where made to accommodate for the updated API of GenericBackendV2.

Part of #13662

[qiskit-bot]

One or more of the following people are relevant to this code:

• @Qiskit/terra-core
• @ajavadia
• @levbishop
• @nkanazawa1989
• @t-imamichi

[ElePT]

LGTM! I just left a minor suggestion in the reno.

[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build 13288941762

Warning: This coverage report may be inaccurate.

This pull request's base commit is no longer the HEAD commit of its target branch. This means it includes changes from outside the original pull request, including, potentially, unrelated coverage changes.

• For more information on this, see Tracking coverage changes with pull request builds.
• To avoid this issue with future PRs, see these Recommended CI Configurations.
• For a quick fix, rebase this PR at GitHub. Your next report should be accurate.

Details

• 8 of 8 (100.0%) changed or added relevant lines in 1 file are covered.
• 477 unchanged lines in 16 files lost coverage.
• Overall coverage decreased (-0.07%) to 88.249%

---

Files with Coverage Reduction	New Missed Lines	%
qiskit/pulse/calibration_entries.py	1	90.57%
qiskit/pulse/instructions/instruction.py	1	94.57%
qiskit/providers/fake_provider/generic_backend_v2.py	1	96.67%
crates/accelerate/src/unitary_synthesis.rs	2	93.4%
crates/accelerate/src/split_2q_unitaries.rs	2	97.01%
crates/qasm2/src/lex.rs	3	92.73%
crates/accelerate/src/circuit_library/quantum_volume.rs	4	96.04%
crates/qasm2/src/parse.rs	6	97.61%
qiskit/pulse/instruction_schedule_map.py	8	89.34%
crates/accelerate/src/consolidate_blocks.rs	13	94.59%

Totals
Change from base Build 13271264264:	-0.07%
Covered Lines:	78551
Relevant Lines:	89011

---

💛 - Coveralls

[ElePT]

Sorry for the conflict, I hope it's not too painful to address.

[ElePT]

LGTM! I am aware that the broken coverage tests are due to external causes, so I would move ahead with this PR regardless of the state of those tests.