feat(build): use release version in bump-job

[paullatzelsperger]

What this PR changes/adds

This PR modifies the bump-version action and takes the release version (base version) from an action input and only falls back to the gradle.properties if that input was null.

Why it does that

when releasing e.g. 0.2.0, the next snapshot is supposed to be 0.2.1-SNAPSHOT.

Further notes

• I also improved the snapshot patch version increment, so that when releasing versions with metadata, e.g. 0.3.6-rc2, the next snapshot version will still be 0.3.6-SNAPSHOT.
• once this PR is approved, i'll do the same thing in all other repos as well.

Linked Issue(s)

Closes #3198

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[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Patch and project coverage have no change.

Comparison is base (176aedd) 65.64% compared to head (78f86e1) 65.64%.

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Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #3207   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   65.64%   65.64%           
=======================================
  Files         841      841           
  Lines       16872    16872           
  Branches      928      928           
=======================================
  Hits        11075    11075           
  Misses       5428     5428           
  Partials      369      369           

see 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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